Période historique
Communist Albania
Forty-six years under Enver Hoxha and his successor: total collectivisation, the banning of religion, successive…
En clair
Albania has Muslims, Bektashis, Orthodox Christians and Catholics. They have lived alongside each other for a very long time. From 1967 to 1990 the government banned all religion — the only country ever to do that.
Explication synthétique
Albania has Muslims, Bektashis, Orthodox Christians and Catholics. They have lived alongside each other for a very long time. From 1967 to 1990 the government banned all religion — the only country ever to do that.
The four communities
- Sunni Islam — the largest community, established over centuries of Ottoman rule.
- The Bektashi Order — a Sufi order with its world headquarters in Tirana since 1925, historically strong in the south.
- Albanian Orthodoxy — autocephalous since 1937, concentrated in the south and south-east.
- Roman Catholicism — concentrated in the north, around Shkodër and the highlands.
Coexistence
Albania's religious tolerance is frequently remarked on and is genuinely unusual, though it is sometimes overstated into a myth. What is well documented is a long history of mixed communities, intermarriage, and shared local shrines — and the wartime sheltering of Jewish refugees across all four communities.
The atheist state
In 1967 the communist government declared Albania the world's first atheist state. Mosques and churches were closed, destroyed or converted; clergy were imprisoned or killed; religious names were discouraged and in some cases prohibited. The ban lasted until 1990.
The effect was durable. When religion became legal again, institutions had to be rebuilt from almost nothing, and levels of active practice remain lower than nominal affiliation would suggest.
Why the numbers are disputed
Census figures on religion in Albania are contested by several of the communities themselves, on grounds ranging from methodology to non-response. Any single percentage should be treated as one estimate from one instrument, not as a settled fact. This Atlas states the source and the year whenever it gives one.
Sujets connexes
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Sujets associés
Objet
The Albanian Orthodox Church
An autocephalous church since 1937, rebuilt almost from nothing after 1991.
Objet
Religion in Albania
Four historic communities — Sunni, Bektashi, Orthodox and Catholic — and a state that banned all of them from 1967 to…
Objet
Besa
The customary obligation of keeping one's word — the principle behind Albania's wartime sheltering of Jewish refugees.
Objet
The Bektashi Order
A Sufi order whose world headquarters has been in Tirana since 1925, with a major shrine on Mount Tomorr.
Sources
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